AHA is a great ingredient that you can use right at home for peeling. This is gentler than chemical peeling but still does the job. So you will have newer undamaged skin.
Retinol is great for fine lines and wrinkles, but also great for sun damage since it heals the skin by encouraging cell turnover and increasing collagen production overtime.
Vitamin C is known for its anti-aging and brightening effect, but just like retinol it also heals the skin from sun damage. Lactic & L-Ascorbic acid contribute to this a lot.
Even if you do heal your skin from the previous sun damage, you should still be applying sunscreen on a regular basis in order to avoid any future sun damage.